• Stimulation of GC A by CNP

  2022-05-18

  

  Stimulation of GC-A by CNP was further corroborated by using a cGMP enzyme immunoassay. We could show that CNP significantly stimulated cGMP synthesis in the GC-A reporter cell line. CNP stimulation resulted in similar maximal cGMP levels compared to stimulation by ANP and BNP. Therefore, by lumines

• TRAPP Transport Protein Particle complexes share a common

  2022-05-18

  

  TRAPP (Transport Protein Particle) complexes share a common core architecture and function in mek inhibitor and autophagy (Kim et al., 2016). In yeast, the core complex has GEF activity for the Rab1 ortholog Ypt1. The larger TRAPPII and III complexes include regulatory subunits implicated in membra

• br Introduction Atherosclerosis is a

  2022-05-18

  

  Introduction Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by lipid and leukocyte accumulation within the arterial wall. Homocysteine (Hcy) is a thiol-containing amino pkc pathway derivative derived from the metabolism of dietary methionine. Epidemiological studies have shown t

• The Bcl and Bcl xL genes

  2022-05-18

  

  The Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL genes contain the CRE binding site in their promoter regions for CREB and CBP to bind to, so CREB phosphorylation was shown to up-regulate these anti-apoptotic genes, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL [[29], [30], [31]]. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL prevent the activation of caspases and the release of mito

• Limited efforts were made to exploit the naturally occurring

  2022-05-18

  

  Limited efforts were made to exploit the naturally-occurring antigen-specific Treg for ex vivo expansion. This study sets up a reproducible protocol for the expansion of insulin-specific Treg isolated from NOD mice. These 17 alpha hydroxylase exhibited higher suppressive capacity compared to the po

• br Introduction Given the growing acceptance of ergothionein

  2022-05-18

  

  Introduction Given the growing acceptance of ergothioneine (ET) as a biologically important agent with potential therapeutic applications [[1], [2], [3], [4]] it is increasingly important to clearly establish the role of the organic cation transporter (novel) type 1 (OCTN1). OCTN1 was discovered

• Recent studies revealed that synthetic oligomeric

  2022-05-18

  

  Recent studies revealed that synthetic oligomeric Aβ1-42 decreased GLT-1 expression and promoted mislocalization of GLT-1 from the cell surface of primary astrocytes, leading to glutamate dyshomeostasis in synapses (Abdul et al., 2009, Scimemi et al., 2013). To address the cause for reduction of ast

• br Genetic rescue of GluR

  2022-05-18

  

  Genetic rescue of GluR-A-dependent spatial working memory Spatial working memory performance in GluR-A−/− mice can be restored by the forebrain-specific Necrosulfonamide of GluR-A subunits labeled with green-fluorescent protein (GFP) on an otherwise GluR-A knockout background (Schmitt et al., 200

• In the GLUT family glucose transporter

  2022-05-18

  

  In the GLUT family, glucose transporter 1(GLUT1) is primarily responsible for basal glucose uptake and maintenance of glucose basal metabolism in cells (Olson and Pessin, 1996). High GLUT1 expression occurred in various types of human cancers, like brain tumor, lung cancer and esophageal cancer (Nis

• GK also called hexokinase IV or D is a

  2022-05-18

  

  GK, also called hexokinase IV or D, is a glycolytic enzyme that converts STA-4783 to glucose-6-phosphate. GK has unique characteristics compared with those of the ubiquitously expressed hexokinase isoforms I–III, and is predominantly expressed in the pancreas and liver. In pancreatic β-cells, GK re

• It is increasingly argued that the immunosuppressive effects

  2022-05-18

  

  It is increasingly argued that the immunosuppressive effects of GCs are conferred indirectly by GR through the activation of genes encoding proteins that inhibit Wortmannin of proinflammatory genes 86, 87, 88. Genomic studies offer another mechanism compatible with the idea that GC-mediated repress

• br Conclusions We have shown that despite the development

  2022-05-18

  

  Conclusions We have shown that despite the development of severe insulin intolerance and marked alterations in whole body substrate oxidation that Gcgr−/− mice are protected against olanzapine-induced hyperglycemia. Our data provides evidence that this protective effect is likely due in large par

• br Acknowledgments This work was supported by the

  2022-05-18

  

  Acknowledgments This work was supported by the NIH (R01DK103884 to JMZ, R01DK100659 to JKE, and F32DK104659 and K01DK111644 to CMC), the Diana and Richard C. Strauss Professorship in Biomedical Research, the Mr. and Mrs. Bruce G. Brookshire Professorship in Medicine, the Kent and Jodi Foster Dist

• To improve the performance of the immunoassay

  2022-05-17

  

  To improve the performance of the immunoassay, various nanomaterials including carbon nanospheres [9], gold nanoparticles [10] and transition metal compounds [11] were used to immobilize natural enzymes as the label. Natural enzymes, such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) [12] and glucose oxidase (GOD

• To examine the biochemical characteristics of

  2022-05-17

  

  To examine the biochemical characteristics of FPPS in Drosophila, DmFPPS has been functionally expressed in E. coli. The protein displays properties similar to mammalian FPPS, with some notable differences, including the ability to efficiently couple the homologous substrate, homodimethylallyl dipho

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