• Galanin a amino acid peptide was first

  2022-08-10

  

  Galanin, a 29/30-amino-acid peptide, was first isolated in 1983 from porcine intestine by Tatemoto and collaborators [70]. It is widely distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as other tissues. It is involved in a wide range of physiological functions, such as modul

• Zn is the second most

  2022-08-10

  

  Zn2+ is the second most abundant trace metal in many cells and neurons in the brain. It regulates cellular functions such as gene expression, epigenetic enzymatic activity, protein structural stability, and neuronal plasticity. Zn2+ is particularly abundant in the cortex and limbic system, including

• br Acknowledgement This work was supported by National Scien

  2022-08-10

  

  Acknowledgement This work was supported by National Science Foundation (21475047, 21705051, 21874048), the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (2016B030303010), the Program for the Top Young Innovative Talents of Guangdong Province (2016TQ03N305) and the Foundation for H

• The effect of GC on Fgf was not directly dependent

  2022-08-10

  

  The effect of GC on Fgf21 was not directly dependent on ileal Fgf15 because basal Fgf21 az628 was similar in Fgf15+/+ and Fgf15−/− mice. Moreover, GC treatment induced similar Fgf21 up-regulation in both strains. Fxr activation has been reported to increase Fgf21 expression and secretion [28]. In mi

• The structural similarity software vROCS

  2022-08-10

  

  The structural similarity software vROCS (OpenEye) [45] has been utilized by Musumeci et al. [46] to screen the Maybridge [47] HitFinder database (∼14,400 compounds) using Distamycin A (Fig. 3B) as a query. Using the Tanimoto coefficient (Section 6.4) and vROCS's colour scoring (atom/feature similar

• Previous research has suggested that

  2022-08-10

  

  Previous research has suggested that differences in spatiotemporal regulation of intracellular signaling pathways can confer specificity to cellular responses (Marshall, 1995). Conventional approaches based on gain- or loss-of-function genetic manipulations or small-molecule inhibitors, however, lac

• br G protein coupled receptor GPR

  2022-08-10

  

  G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), also known as a free fatty Fer-1 receptor, is dominantly expressed in pancreatic β cells and intestine K, L cells., . Besides, GPR40 is also reported to be expressed in brain, but its function is still unknown. It is well documented that GPR40 agonist is abl

• Thirteen multiparous German Holstein cows in their second to

  2022-08-10

  

  Thirteen multiparous German Holstein cows, in their second to fourth lactation, were selected from a previous study (Schäff et al., 2012) based on their individual peak in plasma BHB concentrations in wk 2 or 3 postpartum: high BHB (H-BHB; 1.05 to 2.57 mmol/L, mean 1.59 mmol/L; n = 8) and low BHB (L

• Several studies have indicated that

  2022-08-09

  

  Several studies have indicated that PLD-regulated PA signaling intersects with Rho-mediated cytoskeletal remodeling to drive mesenchymal-like cellular features, and it is known that Rho signaling has the potential to induce YAP/TAZ nuclear activity. Accordingly, Han et al. (2018) provide evidence th

• Intracellular signaling pathways leading to IR

  2022-08-09

  

  Intracellular signaling pathways leading to IR injury are initiated by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). This occurs principally at the time of initiation of reperfusion, which is accompanied by the re-admission of oxygen to the ischemic tissue. The resulting cascade of downstream events

• We demonstrated that bilirubin the product of

  2022-08-09

  

  We demonstrated that bilirubin, the product of heme metabolism by HO-1, exerted a potent suppression of NADPH oxidase activity (Fig. 2B). Different from the down-regulation of NADPH oxidase subunit by HO-1 induction in macrophages [24], the protein levels of the NADPH oxidase subunits in vascular en

• br Hepatitis C virus HCV infection is

  2022-08-09

  

  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is estimated that nearly 200 million individuals worldwide are currently infected with HCV and it is the leading cause of liver transplants. The current standard

• One of pathogenesis of COPD is oxidant antioxidant imbalance

  2022-08-09

  

  One of pathogenesis of COPD is oxidant/antioxidant imbalance. Indeed, it is well known that chronic tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for the development of COPD, and a defect in the detoxification of reactive species produced by cigarette smoke may predispose smokers to airflow obstruction and

• GPR belongs to the G protein coupled

  2022-08-09

  

  GPR84 belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor family, and it was first identified from human peripheral blood neutrophils [,]. GPR84 is now considered to be a member of receptor for medium chain fatty tgf beta receptor (MCFA) with carbon chain lengths of 9–14 []. GPR84 is mainly expressed in bone

• After the synthesis of methylsulfonyl or tetrazole surrogate

  2022-08-09

  

  After the synthesis of methylsulfonyl or tetrazole surrogate derivatives, compounds synthesized by introducing hydrogen, fluoro, and methyl groups into the head group of GPR119 agonists were synthesized. Compounds – were synthesized by reacting hydroxybenzaldehyde with fluorine, hydrogen, or a meth

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